This study is authored by Scott Koefod, Ph.D. Cargill Deicing Technology, June 22, 2012, Titled “Ice Melters and the Environment”. The topics covered are as follows; Introduction to the basics of environmental impact, Overview of the environmental effects of the common deicers and additives, Strategies to minimize environmental impact, New developments in deicer research. This was a very thorough, in-depth study on the science behind thermodynamics, how salt works and what aspects of the environment chlorides have changed over last few decades. There is no denying that the use of ice melters has a huge impact on the environment.

What parts of the environment do chlorides impact?

• Soil
• Air
• Vegetation (particularly roadside)
• Ground water/wells
• Surface waters
• Aquatic/animal life
• Infrastructure corrosion